Dear Jose,
1. it is not clear if you have already read Troubleshooting, 2.2.2 How to model carbon or glass fibre wrap (CFRP, GFRP) strengthening in ATENA?
2. To represent the connection between 1-D bars and the surrounding/adjacent material (concrete or other), please use Reinforcement Bond.
3. To represent the connection between 2 volumes, please use Interface material (Troubleshooting, 2.2.14 I have problems when using the Interface (GAP) material on contacts, and the corresponding section of the Engineering 2D or 3D or Science-GiD User's Manual).
4. Yes, you understand correctly that spring elements in ATENA are for spring supports, and not for connecting 2 elements.
5. I don't understand why you would wish to misuse 1-D reinforcement bars as a replacement for Bond or Interface elements - please explain? Moreover, I do not see any possible advantage of such modelling?
Best regards.